IGCSE Biology – Coordination and Response Practice Test

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• In phototropism, which side accumulates auxin?
• Explain how the brain distinguishes different intensities of stimuli?
• What term describes the end-plates of the axon that usually have a synapse to pass on the signal?
• The series of neurons and synapses that mediates an unconscious fast response is the ______ arc.
• The part of the nervous system that carries signals to and from the central nervous system and lies outside it is the ______.
• Which hormone is the primary hormone for reducing blood sugar after meals?
• Which sense organ is specialized for detecting light?
• Another name for a relay neuron is the ______.
• Which hormone lowers blood glucose levels after a meal?
• What is a Reflex Arc?
• Which term describes a neuron that connects sensory and motor neurons within the central nervous system?
• What is the difference between conscious and reflex responses?
• Which process converts glucose to glycogen and is stimulated by insulin?
• Which part of the nervous system interprets signals from sense organs?
• What are tropisms in plants and how do auxins influence them?
• Nerves that arrive to and from the brain and spinal cord and spread to all the organs of the body.
• What is gravitropism and how do roots and shoots respond?
• Which part of the eye controls pupil size?
• How do kidneys regulate water balance and which hormone is involved?
• Which hormone increases blood glucose levels?
• How does pupil diameter change in response to light and what muscles control it?
• Why is the pancreas considered part of both endocrine and digestive systems?
• Which hormone is produced by the pancreas and lowers blood glucose?
• What is the role of the hypothalamus in coordinating the nervous and endocrine systems?
• A cell structure that contains nucleic acids, the chemical instructions that direct all the cell's activities is the ______.
• Which part of the eye contains the light-sensing cells (rods and cones)?
• Chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons include dopamine or serotonin. What are these messengers called?
• What is the function of motor neurones?
• The fatty cover over the nerve fibre/axon is called the what?
• What is the difference between a receptor and a sense organ?
• Denaturation refers to which change in a protein?
• Which hormone is the female sex hormone?
• Which option correctly pairs an endocrine gland with a hormone it releases and its effect?
• What is a change in the environment that can be sensed?
• What are vasodilation and vasoconstriction, and how do they help regulate temperature?
• Which part is the adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters?
• Which hormone lowers blood glucose and is produced by the pancreas?
• Which hormone is the female sex hormone and is not a male hormone?
• In response to cold, which vascular change is most likely in the skin?
• How does the brain differentiate signals from different senses?
• The retina's primary function is to detect light.
• Which part of the eye refracts light onto the lens?
• A response is
• Which part of the eye contains photoreceptors?
• What is a synapse and how is a nerve impulse transmitted across it
• Which effect does insulin have on body cells?
• In a stressful situation, which hormone is released by the adrenal medulla, and what is one of its effects?
• What is the primary function of the lens in vision?
• In the general nervous-system pathway, where is the relay neuron located?
• Which hormone is the primary male sex hormone?
• Which part of the brain controls involuntary actions such as breathing rate, heart rate, and blood vessel diameter?
• Which type of neuron transmits impulses from the CNS to muscles?
• How does insulin influence glucose storage in the liver and muscles?
• Define the term 'homeostatic feedback' in relation to blood glucose.
• Which hormone is the female sex hormone?
• Which structure carries signals from the retina to the visual cortex of the brain?
• Which feature speeds up transmission along a neuron?
• Groups of receptor cells that respond to stimuli such as light, sound, touch, temperature and chemicals are called what?
• Which structure provides the majority of light refraction in the eye?
• What is the basic functional unit of the nervous system?
• Which part of a neuron carries impulses away from the cell body?
• Which statement best describes the pancreas?
• Which hormone regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys?
• A division of the nervous system consisting of sensory and motor nerves that are not part of the brain or spinal cord is the ______.
• Nerve cells that are covered by a myelin sheath in order to speed up transmission are described as which term?
• Nerves that run up and down the length of the back and transmit most messages between the body and brain are the ______.
• When body temperature falls, which corrective mechanism is commonly activated?
• Pupil brightness depends on which factor?
• Two main divisions of the nervous system are
• How do plants respond to drought via stomatal closure?
• Which is the elongated part of a neuron that carries information along as electrical impulses?
• Which statement about the pancreas is correct?
• What is the role of the brain and spinal cord in nervous coordination?
• Which muscles control pupil dilation in dim light?
• How is blood glucose level regulated by insulin and glucagon?
• What is the role of receptors?
• What term describes the controlling of different parts into a working whole?
• Which of the following statements best describes the role of the auditory nerve?
• Which structure controls pupil diameter in response to light?
• How does auxin distribution lead to phototropism?
• Which hormone increases blood glucose and is produced by the pancreas?
• What is a reflex action and why is it beneficial?
• If a signal is carried by neurons that connect the brain to the rest of the body, by which system?
• Which hormone released by the posterior pituitary acts to increase water reabsorption in the kidneys?
• The semicircular canals are involved in which sense?
• Nerve cell that carries messages from cells in the sense organs to the CNS.
• Which neuron transmits impulses from sensory to motor neurons?
• Branchlike parts of a neurone that are specialized to receive information are called ______.
• How does accommodation occur in the eye when focusing on near vs far objects?
• What is osmoregulation and which organ is primarily responsible in humans?
• What happens when blood glucose rises after a meal?
• How does sweating help regulate body temperature?
• Which part of the neuron carries impulses away from the cell body?
• Which component transmits signals from the CNS to muscles and glands?
• How do effectors respond to stimuli?
• Which part of the eye is the front part that bends light as it enters?
• Name two hormones released by the pituitary gland and their general roles.
• What triggers the release of neurotransmitters at a synapse?
• The gel-like fluid inside a cell that surrounds organelles is called the ______.
• Which area on the retina is the focus point and has the highest cone density for color vision?
• What is a sense receptor and how does it convert stimulus energy into electrical energy?
• What is the function of glucagon?
• Which hormone is released to lower blood glucose levels?
• Which connects the lens to the ciliary body?
• In the nervous system, which term describes the group of receptor cells that respond to specific stimuli such as light, sound, touch, temperature and chemicals?
• Abbreviation for the peripheral nervous system is ______.
• Which carries signals from the retina to the visual cortex?
• What is homeostasis?
• Distinguish positive and negative tropisms with examples.
• What is the function of the pupil reflex?
• Which hormone increases blood glucose levels and is not a sex hormone?
• Which of the following describes the effect of heroin on synapses?
• Which statement correctly describes the function of a sense receptor?
• Olfactory receptors detect which of the following?
• Which structure is a ring of muscle that controls the size of the pupil?
• A fatty cover over the nerve fibre/axon is called what?
• What is the function of a sensory neuron?
• Which part focuses the light onto the retina?
• Which part carries impulses toward the cell body?
• Gel-like fluid where the organelles are found is the ______.
• Which neuron carries impulses from receptors to the CNS?
• The elongated part of a neuron that carries information along in the form of electrical impulses is called the what?
• What is the function of the cornea and lens?
• Which part focuses light onto the retina?
• These are the parts of the body that create a response, for example muscles or glands.
• Which gland releases growth hormone?
• A signal that travels as an electrical impulse is called
• Why is the pituitary gland often called the 'master gland'?
• Which plant hormone is primarily involved in phototropism and gravitropism?
• Nervous system is made up of...
• Type 2 diabetes is primarily linked to which lifestyle factor?
• The suspensory ligament connects the lens to which structure?
• Carry an impulse from the CNS to the effectors.
• Which lifestyle factor increases the risk of type 2 diabetes?
• What term means stretched out?
• The two main divisions of the nervous system are the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.
• What other parts of the ear are involved in balance and hearing?
• Glycogenesis is the process of
• Which part is the largest part of a typical neuron and contains the nucleus and much of the cytoplasm?
• Name two types of receptors in the skin and what they sense.
• Which term describes chemical signals used between neurons?
• What consists of the brain and spinal cord?
• Which structure controls the size of the pupil and the amount of light entering the eye?
• What happens when ADH levels are high?
• Where do two neurons connect?
• What are the main components of a reflex arc?
• An action caused by the effector due to the stimulus is called?
• A special structure that allows living organisms to sense the conditions of their internal or external environment.
• How does the eye adjust to different light levels?
• Which is the site where two neurons communicate called?
• Which hormone decreases blood glucose levels?
• Type 1 diabetes is primarily caused by which of the following?
• Which muscle controls the size of the lens for near vision?
• Taste buds primarily detect which type of chemical in foods?
• What is homeostasis? Give an example involving temperature.
• A stimulus is
• Which part contains the nucleus and most of the cytoplasm?
• In a reflex arc, which component acts as the relay neuron in the CNS?
• What is the general pathway of the nervous system?
• What is the function of the cochlea in the ear?
• How do receptors adapt to constant stimuli (sensory adaptation) and why is this useful?
• What term describes the end-plates of the axon that pass on the signal?
• What best describes the difference between hormones and nerve impulses?
• How does dehydration affect ADH release and urine concentration?
• In humans, a nerve cell is also known as the ______.
• Which hormone is the male sex hormone?
• The junction between two nerve cells, across which impulses pass by diffusion or a neurotransmitter, is called what?
• What is a common treatment for diabetes?
• The signal passes along a neurone fibre in the form of an ______.
• What is the layer of light-sensing cells in the eye called (rods and cones)?
• Which component transmits information from sense organs to the CNS?
• What is phototropism and gravitropism, and which plant hormone mediates these responses?
• Which hormone is the primary female sex hormone?
• What is the role of the central nervous system in coordinating responses?
• In the flow chart for regulating blood glucose, which organ acts as the receptor?
• Which structure contains nucleic acids and acts as the control center of the cell?
• Which type of neuron carries signals from sensory receptors to the CNS?
• How does the hypothalamus communicate with the pituitary to release hormones?
• Information in the nervous system is passed in the form of
• When insulin is present, the liver stores glucose as glycogen. Which statement best describes this process?
• Which statement describes the role of the hypothalamus in endocrine control?
• In the pathway for action, what is the correct order from stimulus to response?
• Which of the following is a common symptom of diabetes?
• Movement of molecules from high to low concentration is called what?
• What is the role of synapses in nervous coordination?
• Which retina region has the highest density of cones and color vision?
• What is the difference between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron
• Which statement best describes rods?
• Which sequence correctly outlines the pathway of a simple reflex arc from skin receptor to muscle?
• Which hormone is the male sex hormone?
• Which statement best describes how a reflex arc differs from a voluntary action?
• How do the senses of taste and smell detect chemicals?
• Which structure contains a ring of muscles that surround the lens and control its shape?
• The pathway an impulse travels to initiate a rapid unconscious reaction is the ______ arc.
• What is the primary function of the plant hormone auxin?